You and I are not made for concrete; the brain develops better in nature

Abstract

The human brain does not operate in isolation, but in continuous interaction with both individual factors and the surrounding environment. Accumulating scientific evidence has shown that certain environments are more favorable than others for optimal brain function. Urban settings, characterized by persistent sensory stimulation and high attentional demands, require sustained cognitive effort that can lead to prolonged activation of stress-response systems. Over time, this chronic activation has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including cognitive fatigue, insomnia, depression, and anxiety; conditions that are increasingly common in urban populations. In contrast, a growing body of research highlights the restorative effects of natural environments. By engaging attention in a soft and non-intrusive manner, nature reduces sensory overload, lowers stress markers, and enhances cognitive performance. Within this framework, the environment emerges as a key determinant of psychological health. Acknowledging its influence underscores the importance of incorporating healthy environmental design into public policies, fostering more equitable spaces that support mental well-being at the population level.